The average incubation period of rubella virus is 17 days, with a range of 12 to 23 days. People infected with rubella are most contagious when the rash is erupting, but they can be contagious from 7 days before to 7 days after the rash appears.
Acceptable presumptive evidence of immunity against rubella includes at least one of the following:. Healthcare providers should not accept verbal reports of vaccination without written documentation as presumptive evidence of immunity.
Top of Page. Rubella can be prevented with rubella-containing vaccine, which is primarily administered as the combination measles-mumps-rubella MMR vaccine. The combination measles-mumps-rubella-varicella MMRV vaccine can be used for children aged 12 months through 12 years for protection against measles, mumps, rubella and varicella.
Single-antigen rubella vaccine is not available. CDC recommends routine childhood immunization for MMR vaccine starting with the first dose at 12 through 15 months of age, and the second dose at 4 through 6 years of age or at least 28 days following the first dose. Adults born during or after should receive at least one dose of rubella-containing vaccine. These people include students attending colleges or other post high school educational institutions, healthcare personnel, international travelers, and non-pregnant women of childbearing age.
Healthcare providers should routinely assess women of childbearing age for evidence of immunity see section above and vaccinate those who lack acceptable evidence of immunity and who are not pregnant. Section Navigation.
Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. Minus Related Pages. Although only one dose of rubella-containing vaccine is required as acceptable evidence of immunity to rubella, children should receive two doses of MMR vaccine. Rubella vaccine is first given on or after a child's first birthday as MMR vaccine. Children usually receive the first dose between 12 and 15 months of age and the second dose prior to school entry at four to six years of age.
In New York State, rubella vaccine is required of all children enrolled in all pre-kindergarten programs and schools. Healthcare personnel and college students are also required to demonstrate immunity against rubella. Rubella infection is dangerous because of its ability to damage an unborn baby. If rubella immunization was discontinued, immunity to rubella would decline and rubella disease would return. The danger would be to pregnant women who, if infected, could pass the disease to their infants fetuses causing CRS.
Maintaining high levels of rubella immunization in the community is critical to controlling the spread. Control of the spread of rubella is needed primarily to prevent the birth defects caused by CRS. Therefore, women of childbearing age should have their immunity checked and receive rubella vaccine if needed.
Infected individuals should be excluded from work or school during their infectious period. Women who are not immune require two doses of vaccine a minimum of 28 days apart and should avoid pregnancy for at least 28 days after immunisation. If you are pregnant and not immune, avoid contact with anyone who has rubella. Arrange for an immunisation soon after you have your baby and then avoid another pregnancy for at least 28 days.
If you work with children, remember that you are at an increased risk of catching and passing on infectious diseases. Stay up to date with all necessary vaccinations to protect yourself and the children and their mothers with whom you have regular contact. Some diseases cause only a mild illness in adults, but can be very serious for young children.
For example, whooping cough pertussis can be deadly for young babies. Vaccination against rubella is not recommended for some people. A person with an impaired immune system should not be vaccinated. Some of the possible causes of impaired immunity include:.
This page has been produced in consultation with and approved by:. Anthrax is a rare but potentially fatal bacterial disease that occasionally infects humans. The Western obsession with cleanliness may be partly responsible for the increase in allergic asthma and conditions such as rhinitis. Careful prescribing of antibiotics will minimise the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria.
Aspergillus is a fungus that commonly grows on rotting vegetation. It can cause asthma symptoms. The simplest form of prevention for lyssavirus is to avoid close contact with bats. Content on this website is provided for information purposes only. Information about a therapy, service, product or treatment does not in any way endorse or support such therapy, service, product or treatment and is not intended to replace advice from your doctor or other registered health professional.
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