If so, his relationship to John would have been the only interaction Jesus seems to have had with them. While he too emphasized purity and righteousness, he did not withdraw from the larger Jewish community.
Rather, he even counted prostitutes and tax collectors among his friends Matthew and eagerly laid his healing touch upon lepers Matthew and others who were ritually impure. Jesus, therefore, was not an Essene. For all who take the sword will perish by the sword.
The Zealots were political activists and revolutionaries. Fueled and fused together by their hatred of Rome, they gelled as a sect around the time of the First Jewish Revolt against Rome A. The Zealots ambushed Roman legions and staged largely unsuccessful skirmishes throughout the countryside. The public had mixed feelings about these Zealots, likely best summarized by Josephus:.
But of the fourth sect of Jewish philosophy, Judas the Galilean was the author… they have an inviolable attachment to liberty, and say, that God is to be their only Ruler and Lord. They also do not value dying any kinds of death… nor can any such fear make them call any man lord. And since this immoveable resolution of theirs is well known to a great many, I shall speak no farther about that matter. The Zealots were up against the mightiest empire the world had ever known and were doomed to fail.
The famous sage Gamaliel is quoted in Acts 5 as dissuading the Sanhedrin from taking action against the followers of Jesus by citing those revolutionaries who had come before:. He too perished, and all who followed him were scattered. So in the present case I tell you, keep away from these men and let them alone, for if this plan or this undertaking is of man, it will fail; but if it is of God, you will not be able to overthrow them.
You might even be found opposing God! Apart from that and a few other instances, the New Testament does not draw much attention to the religious revolutionaries of the day. In fact, Jesus condemned violence, placing far greater emphasis on the kingdom of heaven than on the political climate of his nation Matthew ; John In one incident, we read:.
Therefore, we can safely conclude that not only was Jesus not an Essene, he was also not a Zealot. The Sadducees were connected with the Temple services, and they mostly filled out the ranks of the priests, whose vocation they believed in adamantly preserving. The Sadducees, in contrast to Jesus, insisted on following the words of the written Torah alone. At the same time, the history of the priesthood and the Sadducees shows the influence of Hellenism, as many of them were fairly assimilated in the cultural sense.
According to Segal, the seeming incompatibility is merely illusory, since Greek philosophy derived its best ideas from Hebrew wisdom:. The difficulty the Sadducees faced was to legitimize their Greek philosophy and way of life. They could have accomplished this task through a variety of arguments that Homer and Socrates were actually students of Moses, an apologetic tradition of several Hellenistic Jewish writers.
Furthermore, the mixture of stoicism and Platonism that was most favored among the educated classes of the Hellenistic world had considerable philosophical affinities with the wisdom literature of the Hebrew Bible.
Except at his trial when he faced the high priest, Jesus does not encounter Sadducees as often as he does Pharisees, but we know that they did not count him among their own, nor did they see eye-to-eye on theology.
Because Jesus differed from them on the issue of the resurrection, and because he engaged in traditions that went beyond what is found in Scripture alone, 8 we know that he was not a Sadducee.
But when the Pharisees heard that he had silenced the Sadducees, they gathered together. And one of them, a lawyer, asked him a question to test him. The Pharisees were respected by the people, guardians of the oral law and the traditions of Israel. They grudgingly submitted to Rome in hopes that the conqueror would allow them to preserve, if not their city and Temple, at least their holy heritage.
Compared to the Sadducees and the Essenes, the Pharisees were the moderates of their day, attempting to create a middle path that all of Israel could follow. Segal goes so far as to say that the Pharisees tried to lay down rules and procedures of exegesis by which the Scriptures could be understood: "They were the counterparts of the Sadducees in this respect.
Jesus had many conversations with the Pharisees e. The later Talmud is full of conversations between rabbis, much like the conversations recorded between Yeshua and the Pharisees in the New Testament. If Jesus was acknowledged as a rabbi in his day, the next logical question is: where did he agree with and diverge from the theology of other mainstream rabbis Pharisaic teachers during his lifetime?
As the only surviving sect post-AD The quotes below from the rabbinic writings therefore largely reflect Pharisaic thinking. And does Aaron exist forever so that one can fulfill the mitzva by giving him the teruma of the tithe? But is it not so that Aaron did not enter Eretz Yisrael, the only place where the people would give him teruma?
Rather, the verse teaches that Aaron is destined to live in the future and the Jewish people will give him teruma. He is not God of the dead, but of the living. You are quite wrong. Whoever believes in me, though he die, yet shall he live, and everyone who lives and believes in me shall never die. Do you believe this? The resurrection of the dead was a key belief among the Pharisees that was shared by Jesus. Berachot 63a. This is the great and first commandment. And a second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself.
There are thus similarities with the Christian understanding of Jesus, but there are essential differences. The divinity of Christ is denied, as is also the reality of the Crucifixion. At the end of his life an attempt is made to kill Jesus, but he is delivered and raised up to heaven.
There are a number of references to Jesus in the hadith, the Traditions attributed to Muhammad. These show reverence for Jesus and recognise his importance, but they emphasize that he ranks after Muhammad. Muslim mystics write of Jesus as a spiritual teacher, one who emphasized fear and love of God, patience in time of trial, abandonment to God, asceticism and poverty, humility and love.
For Ibn 'Arabi d. There may be a temptation to seize some of the expressions used in the Qur' an with regard to Jesus "Word", "Spirit from God" , and see them as pointers to belief in the divinity of Christ.
The whole Quranic context, with its strong denial that Jesus is God, would invalidate such a procedure. When speaking about Jesus with Muslims, it would seem preferable to take as a starting point his message and from here, work back to the person and mystery of Christ. Hindus, who have heard about Jesus Christ from Christian missionaries, have reacted in various ways. Some have come to admire Jesus, but without any feeling of commitment to him.
Others have come to know and love Jesus and have committed themselves to him, but within the context of Hinduism. Still others have responded to the person of Christ by seeking baptism and incorporation into the Church. Mahatma Gandhi is an example of one who greatly admired the teaching of Jesus but who, as he himself said, was not interested in the historical person of the teacher.
He was particularly struck by the Sermon on the Mount. For him Jesus, through his message, became an ethical symbol. Many Hindus have no difficulty in accepting Jesus as divine. What they find difficult is the Christian understanding that the Incarnation of God in Jesus is unique.
Jesus is often seen as the supreme example of self-realization, the goal of the Hindi dharma. He is taken to be a symbol of human progress.
For some he becomes more of an ideal than a historical person. According to Hindu traditions, history always provides an imperfect knowledge of reality. In such a context, to identify the mystery of Jesus Christ with historical fact is seen as reducing God to imperfection.
Since Buddha deliberately avoided talking about the existence or non-existence of God, it is obvious that Buddhists will have difficulty when faced with the Christian belief in Jesus as the Son of God, true God and true man.
Yet some Buddhists have paid serious attention to Jesus Christ. A contemporary Japanese scholar, Masao Abe, has reflected on the self-emptying of Christ as referred to by Paul Phil 2: Jesus was largely recognized as a popular teacher who was revered by His followers and respected by His opponents. But as Christianity spread and the Divinity of Jesus was proclaimed throughout the known world, Jewish opposition rose.
By A. Jesus Was a Miracle Worker. Ancient Jews also acknowledged Jesus had supernatural powers and performed miracles.
Instead, they often claimed Jesus wielded the power of the Devil. Jesus was Crucified on the Cross. Another important historical claim of the New Testament the Crucifixion of Jesus is acknowledged by ancient Jewish records.
While the Talmud and Toledot Yeshu affirm the execution of Jesus, they both deny Jesus was resurrected. Hinduism is a very diverse religious faith that began in India. It is rooted in religious views dating back to the Iron Age of India 12th to sixth centuries BC and it has no single founder. There are many varieties of Hinduism embracing a complex and divergent set of views, and for this reason, it is difficult to isolate a unified set of beliefs related to Jesus.
Hindu believers often hold a variety of views. Many Hindus see Jesus as a symbol of what humans can attain, rather than a true historical person. While Buddhism is based primarily on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama a spiritual teacher from India who lived from approximately BC to BC and is known as the Buddha , Buddhism incorporates a variety of religious traditions, beliefs and practices.
Most Buddhists acknowledge and respect the fact Jesus lived a self-sacrificial life and had compassion on those who were in spiritual need. This kind of compassion is seen by Buddhists to be the key to happiness and enlightenment. Jesus is seen as someone who possessed the correct perspective on life and his teaching helped others to embrace the truth. While Jesus is seen as a wise teacher, He is not seen as divine.
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